Cai , 1998 ; bikai nie , & bingying wang , 2000 ) provided evidence that , while our students outperformed on problem - solving tasks , the result was not the same on problem - posing tasks . because most students learned mathematics and developed increased mathematical capacities only when they participate in instruction focused on rich and worthwhile mathematical activity . however , in the circles of mathematics education , there was a universal sense , that is : our mathematical education loses contact with reality ; students solve problems not related to real life ; the mathematical activity students conducted mostly focused on memorization and mechanical use of procedures rather than the use of mathematical knowledge and tools to explore patterns , frame and solve problem , etc . 課堂是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)、發(fā)展數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知的主陣地,我國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知在上述方面表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的差異可以從數(shù)學(xué)課程與教學(xué)中尋找原因: “中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)教育脫離實(shí)際” (張奠宙, 1994 ) ; “在強(qiáng)調(diào)素質(zhì)教育的今天,絕大多數(shù)課堂教學(xué)仍然是傳授知識(shí)加技能訓(xùn)練的傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式” , “學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)仍然是一種‘復(fù)制型’的‘消極’學(xué)習(xí)” , “學(xué)生幾乎沒(méi)有獨(dú)立思考、探索發(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)” (季素月, 1996 ) ;我國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)課程在“探究”和“背景”上“較薄弱” ,在“運(yùn)算”和“推理”等方面“要求過(guò)高” (鮑建生,博士學(xué)位論文, 2002 ) 。
Cognitive process strategies have been a component of construct . moreover , task characteristic would moderate the relationship between cognitive process strategies and in - basket testing . specifically , assessess who used integrative analysis cognitive process strategy would get best score in the problem - solving task ; according to different task characteristic , there was different relationship between cognitive process strategies and in - basket validity 考察任務(wù)特征對(duì)認(rèn)知加工策略與公文筐測(cè)驗(yàn)效度的影響關(guān)系時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題解決型任務(wù)對(duì)認(rèn)知加工策略與公文筐測(cè)驗(yàn)成績(jī)之間的關(guān)系影響更大,被測(cè)評(píng)者在公文筐測(cè)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中所采用的內(nèi)在認(rèn)知加工策略受任務(wù)特征的影響。